An Introduction to Hellenistic Greece

The era of Hellenistic Greece was the period when Greece language and culture spread throughout the Mediterranean world. The third era of ancient Greek history was the Hellenistic Age when the Greek language and culture spread throughout the Mediterranean world. Typically, historians start the Hellenistic Age with the death of Alexander, whose empire spread from India to Africa, in 323 B.C. It follows the Classical Age and precedes the incorporation of the Greek empire within the Roman empire in 146 B.C. (31 B.C. or the Battle of Actium for the Egyptian territory). The Hellenistic settlements may be divided into five regions, according to and quoted from The Hellenistic Settlements in the East from Armenia and Mesopotamia to Bactria and India, by Getzel M. Cohen: Greece, Macedonia, the Islands, and Asia Minor;Asia Minor west of the Tauros Mountains;Cilicia beyond the Tauros Mountains, Syria, and Phoenicia;Egypt;the regions beyond the Euphrates, i.e., Mesopotamia, the Iranian plateau, and central Asia. Aftermath of the Death of Alexander the Great A series of wars marked the period immediately after Alexander’s death in 323 B.C., including the Lamian Wars and the first and second Diadochi Wars, wherein Alexander’s followers sued for his throne. Eventually, the empire was divided into three parts: Macedonia and Greece (ruled by Antigonus, founder of the Antigonid dynasty), the Near East (ruled by Seleucus, founder of the Seleucid dynasty), and Egypt, where the general Ptolemy started the Ptolemid dynasty. The early Hellenistic Age also saw enduring achievements in the arts and learning, however. The philosophers Xeno and Epicurus founded their philosophical schools, and stoicism and Epicureanism are still with us today. In Athens, the mathematician Euclid began his school and became the founder of modern geometry. Third Century B.C. The empire was wealthy thanks to the conquered Persians. With this wealth, building and other cultural programs were established in each region. The most famous of these was doubtless the Library of Alexandria, founded by Ptolemy I Soter in Egypt, charged with housing all of the world’s knowledge. The library flourished under the Ptolemaic dynasty and withstood several disasters until it was ultimately destroyed in the second century A.D. Another triumphalist building effort was the Colossus of Rhodes, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. The 98-foot tall statue commemorated the victory of the island of Rhodes against the predations of Antigonus I Monopthalmus. But internecine conflict continued, notably through the Pyrrhic War between Rome and Epirus, the invasion of Thrace by Celtic peoples, and the dawn of Roman prominence in the region. Second Century B.C. The end of the Hellenistic Age was marked by greater conflict, as battles raged among the Seleucids and among the Macedonians. The political weakness of the empire made it an easy target in the ascent of Rome as a regional power; by 149 B.C., Greece itself was a province of the Roman Empire. This was followed in short order by the absorption of Corinth and Macedonia by Rome. By 31 B.C., with the victory at Actium and the collapse of Egypt, all of Alexander’s empire lay in Roman hands. Cultural Achievements of the Hellenistic Age While the culture of ancient Greece was disseminated East and West, the Greeks adopted elements of eastern culture and religion, especially Zoroastrianism and Mithraism. Attic Greek became the lingua franca. Impressive scientific innovations were made in Alexandria where the Greek Eratosthenes computed the circumference of the earth, Archimedes calculated pi, and Euclid compiled his geometry text. In philosophy, Zeno and Epicurus founded the moral philosophies of Stoicism and Epicureanism. In literature, New Comedy evolved, as did the pastoral idyll form of poetry associated with Theocritus, and the personal biography, which accompanied a movement in sculpture to represent people as they were rather than as ideals, although there were exceptions in Greek sculpture -- most notably the hideous depictions of Socrates, although even they may have been idealized, if negatively. Both Michael Grant and Moses Hadas discuss these artistic/biographical changes. See From Alexander to Cleopatra, by Michael Grant, and Hellenistic Literature, by Moses Hadas. Dumbarton Oaks Papers, Vol. 17, (1963), pp. 21-35. Source Cohen, Getzel M. The Hellenistic Settlements in the East from Armenia and Mesopotamia to Bactria and India. Hellenistic Culture and Society Book 54, 1 Edition, Kindle Edition, University of California Press, June 2, 2013.

Some People Smoke On Account They Are Stressed, Others

Some people smoke on account they are stressed, others smoke being it is a habit, and still others smoke for the sake they think that it is chic. However, smoking will never be chic as it causes additions that seem impossible to break. Smoking causes premature aging from the heat of the cigarette. While every time a cigarette is smoked the skin is aging faster than natural, also virtually every organ in the body including the heart, lungs, and skin is being harmed. While every person on this planet can tell you that you shouldn’t smoke, the choice is up to you, you have the ultimate decision whether or not you want to do irreversible damage to your body. one might not think that just one cigarette will hurt them, but the reality is that†¦show more content†¦Again, every cigarette makes it troublesome to quit, and with each and every cigarette the body loses control of the brain with the things that are craved. Have you ever heard of the song Head, Shoulders, Knees, and Toes? There is a chorus in the song that says â€Å"eyes, and, ears, and, mouth, and nose,† and that goes along perfectly with the effects that happen from the neck up. Smoking causes the eyes to physically change form, making it difficult to see. Smoking causes hearing loss by virtue of the lack of oxygen in the blood, your body naturally tries to heal itself and by doing that it takes the oxygen going to the ears and puts it elsewhere. For the nose (as stated earlier) the lining is damaged, making it difficult to breathe, and lastly, mouth. So many problems from smoking stem from the mouth, as a result of that’s where the smoke is hitting first. Some of the lesser variables, in the mouth, that smoking can cause would be cavities, mouth sores and dry or itchy throat. On the other hand, the more serious problems include cancers of the mouth and gum disease. There are numerous problems that a smoker can face jus t from their neck up, most the problems stated are not life threatening, however as the smoke progresses to other parts of the body the effects of smoking become detrimental to the health of the person. Without the heart the body could not functionShow MoreRelatedHow Is Your College Life?1155 Words   |  5 Pagesyou are doing just fine. I know you might feel stressed out right now, but you already had a math teacher like Joseph Stalin. I’m confident you will overcome the stress, and I know I will be proud of you. Just like in school, take the lessons and apply them to whatever comes next. There is always a reason to look back in the past and laugh at all the silly things you’ve done, which may not have mattered so much back then, but now they might be some of the best memories that you have. 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Nvq Level 3 Free Essays

Google search Keeping safe and protecting vulnerable adults from harm and abuse All adults should be able to live free from fear or harm and have their rights and choices respected. To help people who may be being abused or suspect that abuse is happening,  we have published  Ã¢â‚¬ËœKeeping Safe and Protecting Adults’ which you can download from this page. It gives more information about types of abuse  and what to do if you suspect abuse. We will write a custom essay sample on Nvq Level 3 or any similar topic only for you Order Now You can also  visit the York Safeguarding Adults website What is adult abuse? There are many different types of abuse, see pdf on this page. It may: * be physical or sexual * involve taking money without permission * include bullying or humiliating * include not allowing contact with friends and family * involve withholding food or medication Abuse can be the result of a single act or may continue over many months or years. Abuse can be accidental, or a deliberate act. An abuser may be  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ a relative, a partner, someone paid to provide care and services, a volunteer, a neighbour, a friend or stranger. Abuse can happen anywhere: * at home * in a care home * in hospital * in sheltered housing * in supported living centres at day centres and other day services * outside in a public place How can I tell if abuse may be happening? Adult abuse is not always easy to identify as sometimes the nature of the abuse is not visible and/or often the person being abused is afraid to speak out. However, there are some more common signs of abuse, see pdf attached to this page, which if seen may suggest that abuse has occurred. Whi ch adults are vulnerable to abuse? Some adults are less able to protect themselves than others and some have difficulty making their wishes and feelings known. This may make them vulnerable to abuse. They may also be vulnerable because they are in need of community care services due to mental health problems, physical or learning disability, age or illness. In York we are working together with  the Police, local Councillors, Health and local independent and voluntary sector organisation to improve and develop further services to keep vulnerable adults safe. We are all  committed to preventing the abuse of adults and responding quickly when abuse is suspected. How can I report adult abuse? If you are being abused, or you suspect someone else is being abused contact us on 01904 555111  or North Yorkshire Police on   0845 60 60 247. By reporting abuse you are alerting the council or the police to concerns which may affect more than one person. There is a form which has been designed to help anyone who may suspect abuse is happening and wants to report it. The form is called the Alerters Form, see pdf attached to this page, and is a useful guide to the information that we or the Police will need to know when an incident of abuse is reported. You should also give your name so that we can keep you informed. We will not share your name without your permission. We will then investigate your concerns and take appropriate action. You can also share your concerns with a Doctor, Nurse or Health Worker, Housing Officer or advice centre (CAB) and ask them to contact us for you. For domestic abuse you can also contact the Independent Domestic Abuse Services email: info@idas. org. uk web address www. idas. org. uk or telephone 03000 110 110. Adults in care If you are concerned about the quality of care provided by a nursing home, residential home, or domiciliary provider you should contact the  Care Quality Commission  on tel: 0300 061 6161. See the  Care Quality Commission  website for more information www. cqc. rg. uk   How do we respond to adult abuse? In 2007, The City of York Council  endorsed the Multi-Agency Policy and Procedures for Safeguarding Vulnerable Adults. This framework is intended to ensure a consistent response so that various agencies can work together more effectively. This policy is available to download on the right hand side of this page. What is ‘No Secrets’? This i s government guidance issued in 2000, encouraging social services authorities to work with other agencies to develop and implement policies and procedures to ensure protection of vulnerable adults. In 2008, the government began a national consultation exercise to review the No Secrets guidance. The consultation has recently ended and any recommendations for changes are expected later this year. What is  the York Safeguarding Adults Partnership Board? Prior to 2008, there was a City of York and North Yorkshire Adult Protection Committee with the main objective ‘to protect adults from abuse by effective inter-agency working’   As part of a review of the multi-agency policy, it was recognised that the interests of people in York would be better served by a local multi-agency group. So, in 2008, the York Safeguarding Adults Board was set up, with the remit to safeguard vulnerable adults from abuse and harm by effective inter-agency working. The Board membership is made up of lead officers from social services, the police, health, housing,  the independent care sector, the Crown Prosecution Service, the Care Quality Commission and voluntary organisations. It meets quarterly to consider new developments in adult protection, review the way that the policy is carried out locally and to agree appropriate funding and training. Help for adults * Carer’s assessment of need * Disabled bus pass * Educational benefits * Home care service * Out of hours social services support * Safeguarding vulnerable adults * Residential care * Respite care * Sheltered housing * Support for adults with HIV * Supporting people team How to cite Nvq Level 3, Essay examples